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Trek Judaean Desert — Dead Sea, Southern District, Israel

Masada Snake Path: Sunrise Ascent to the Desert Fortress

A pre-dawn climb up the winding Snake Path from the Dead Sea shore to reach Herod's cliff-top fortress just as the sun breaks over the desert.

Masada Snake Path: Sunrise Ascent to the Desert Fortress
Photo: Godot13 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Duration
1 days
Distance
4 km
Ascent
350 m
Difficulty
Moderate
Best season
October–April; summer is dangerously hot — start before dawn

Masada is a single mountain of rock rising sheer above the western shore of the Dead Sea, and climbing it at dawn is one of the classic experiences in Israel. King Herod fortified the plateau as a desert palace-fortress in the first century BCE; a century later it became the last stronghold of Jewish rebels against Rome, ending in the siege that Josephus made famous. The Snake Path — a narrow trail that folds back on itself again and again up the eastern face — is the way people have reached the top for two thousand years.

Most hikers set out in the dark so they crest the plateau for sunrise, when the light spills across the Dead Sea and the Moab mountains of Jordan glow pink on the far shore. This is a desert climb: the summer heat is genuinely dangerous, so the route is best from October to April, and even then you start before first light.

Getting there. Masada sits about 20 minutes south of Ein Gedi on Route 90, roughly 1.5 hours from Jerusalem or Be’er Sheva. The Snake Path begins at the eastern (Dead Sea) visitor centre. There is also a cable car for the descent, and a separate Roman Ramp path on the western side.

Permits & tickets. The site is a national park with an entrance fee; the Snake Path gate opens one hour before sunrise so you can climb in time for the sunrise. Check the park’s seasonal opening hours before you go, as the gate is closed in extreme heat.

Good to know:

Day 1

Snake Path, summit fortress and descent

Masada eastern visitor centre (Dead Sea side) → Masada eastern visitor centre 4 km ↑ 350 m

A single desert day: a steep pre-dawn ascent, a couple of hours exploring Herod’s fortress on the plateau, then the descent by trail or cable car.

Segments

  1. Pre-dawn start at the eastern gate 0.3 km ↑ 20 m

    Eastern visitor centre → Foot of the Snake Path

    Desert path

    Arrive in the dark at the visitor centre on the Dead Sea shore, fill your water bottles, and walk to the foot of the cliff as the gate opens an hour before sunrise. This is the lowest start of any hike in Israel — the Dead Sea behind you is the lowest point on Earth.

  2. The Snake Path switchbacks
    The Snake Path switchbacks 1.7 km ↑ 330 m

    Foot of the Snake Path → Snake Path gate on the plateau

    Steep stone steps and switchbacks

    Climb the trail that gives Masada's east face its name, winding back and forth up roughly 350 metres of ascent on some 700 steps. Take it steadily and stop to look back as the sky lightens over the Dead Sea. Most people reach the top in 45–60 minutes.

    About this place

    Geisel Library is the main library building of the University of California, San Diego. It is named in honor of Audrey and Theodor Seuss Geisel, the latter of whom is better known as children's author Dr. Seuss. The building's distinctive architecture, described as occupying "a fascinating nexus between brutalism and futurism", has made it an iconic and widely recognized building on campus. The library is located in the center of the UC San Diego campus.

    Read more on Wikipedia ↗

    Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/belisario/ · CC BY-SA 2.0

  3. Sunrise and the Northern Palace 0.5 km ↑ 0 m

    Snake Path gate → Northern Palace terraces

    Plateau paths and stairs

    Reach the rim for the sunrise, then walk to Herod's Northern Palace — his private villa built on three terraces cascading down the sheer cliff, with frescoed walls and columns hanging over a 300-metre drop to the desert floor.

  4. The fortress on top
    The fortress on top 1 km ↑ 0 m

    Northern Palace → Western rampart and siege-ramp viewpoint

    Ruined streets and stairs

    Cross the plateau past the great cisterns cut into the rock, the bathhouse, the storerooms, and one of the oldest synagogues ever found. From the western wall you look straight down onto the Roman siege ramp and the outlines of the legionary camps that ringed the mountain in 73–74 CE.

    About this place

    The hilltop fortress of Masada, in present-day Israel, was successfully besieged and taken by Roman imperial forces between 72 and 73 AD, during the final period of the First Jewish–Roman War. At the time, the fortress was held by members of the Sicarii rebel group. The siege is recorded by a single contemporary written source, The Jewish War by Josephus. According to Josephus, the long siege ended with the mass suicide of the Sicarii and resident Jewish families.

    Read more on Wikipedia ↗

    Photo: Godot13 · CC BY-SA 4.0

  5. Descent to the Dead Sea
    Descent to the Dead Sea 2 km ↑ 0 m

    Snake Path gate → Eastern visitor centre

    Steep switchbacks (or cable car)

    Head back down the Snake Path — quicker than the climb at around 35–45 minutes, but hard on the knees and increasingly hot as the morning wears on — or take the cable car down. Rehydrate at the bottom before the heat builds.

    About this place

    Geisel Library is the main library building of the University of California, San Diego. It is named in honor of Audrey and Theodor Seuss Geisel, the latter of whom is better known as children's author Dr. Seuss. The building's distinctive architecture, described as occupying "a fascinating nexus between brutalism and futurism", has made it an iconic and widely recognized building on campus. The library is located in the center of the UC San Diego campus.

    Read more on Wikipedia ↗

    Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/belisario/ · CC BY-SA 2.0